NCFE World History Exam 2025 – 400 Free Practice Questions to Pass the Exam

The influence of geography on the development of Rome as compared to Greece can be understood through the significance of rivers and agriculture in Rome. Unlike Greece, which had a rugged mountainous terrain that limited agricultural output and the establishment of large, fertile lands, Rome was situated on the Tiber River and had access to a variety of fertile plains. This geometric advantage provided Rome with an abundance of resources that supported agricultural development and population growth.

The presence of rivers in Italy also facilitated trade and the movement of goods, allowing for a more cohesive economic structure. This agricultural surplus supported the growth of cities and the expansion of the Roman civilization, contributing to its political stability and strength. Additionally, the fertile lands surrounding the Tiber River helped sustain larger populations, which were essential for Rome's army, economy, and infrastructure.

In contrast, while Greece benefited from its access to the sea for trade, the challenging terrain limited its agricultural capabilities and made internal trade more difficult, resulting in the fragmentation of city-states. Therefore, the geographic features that favored agriculture and trade in Rome played a vital role in forging its path to becoming a dominant empire, highlighting the importance of geographic factors in historical development.